The Role of Stem Cells in Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases

Abstract

MSCs are a type of pluripotent cell exist in tissues of mesenchymal origin and are responsible for tissue regeneration. MSCs are found by specific surface indicators and their ability to adhere to plastic substrates and develop into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes in vitro. MSCs consist of different types of cells, and the most well-known are bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells. Other MSCs include umbilical cord MSCs, adipose-derived stem cells, and amniotic fluid stem cells, which are detected in the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue. MSCs are being assessed not only for their ability to regenerate cells but also for their immunomodulatory characteristics, given that they seem to modulate the secretion of lymphocyte-derived cytokines directly. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) after immunoablation was known as the suitable IR treatment method in the cases affected by autoimmune diseases.